. Introduction to Computers

Main Components of a computer

  • Processor - The logical component of a computer system that interprets and executes program instructions The processor is smaller than a postage stamp and is literally a "computer on a chip". It is housed in the system unit,usualy a metal and plastic upright box (the Tower)

    • The term processor has generally replaced the term central processing unit (CPU). The processor in a personal computer or embedded in small devices is often called a microprocessor.


  • Computer memory - any physical device capable of storing information temporarily or permanently. For example, Random Access Memory (RAM), is a volatile memory that stores information on an integrated circuit used by the operating system, software, and hardware.

  • Program - in computing, programs are computer instructions structured and ordered in a manner that, when executed, causes a computer to perform a particular function.

  • Input device - Input devices are pieces of equipment that are used to put data into the computer. Input devices translate data and communications into a form that the computer can understand. Examples of input devices include keyboards, mouse, mice, scanners, digital cameras and joysticks.

  • Output device - are pieces of equipment that are used to get information or any other response out of a computer. Output devices translate bits and bytes into a form that we can understand. There are many output devices, including monitors, printers, multimedia projectors, speakers and headphones.

  • Storage - A typical PC will have three types of permanent storage for data and software. The permanently installed hard disk is housed in the system unit. The typical system unit will also have a floppy disk drive and a CD-ROM/DVD+ROM drive and/or a DVD+RW/CD-RW combination drive.

    • Categories of Software